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![]() Peridotites also contain an aluminous phase, either plagioclase, spinel, or garnet. Modeling of meta-lherzolites requires the addition of Ca, which can be done with three components as CaO-MgO-SiO, assuming excess H 2O. Metamorphism of harzburgites can conveniently be modeled using Mg-Si-O-H. Extraction of basalt via melting leads to loss of the cpx and the production of an olivine + opx residuum called harzburgite. Enriched upper mantle is lherzolite: olivine + opx + cpx. The upper mantle is composed of ultramafic rocks (peridotites), different proportions of olivine (forsterite to fayalite) + orthopyroxene (enstatite to ferrosilite) + clinopyroxene (diopside to hedenbergite). Ultramafic Rocks Read Chapter 29.2 of Igneous and Metamorphic Petrology by John Winter or Chapter 18 of Igneous and Metamorphic Petrology by Philpotts The three-component system CMS (Ca-Mg-Si): Ultramafic Rocks Interaction Between Metamorphism and Deformation Introductory Phase Equilibria and Thermodynamics
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